An Econometric Analysis of CGPA and Its Determinants: A case study of International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract

This study aims to model the CGPA of undergraduate students at International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, and to examine the factors associated with academic performance. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select students from the population, with academic departments treated as strata. 108 undergraduate students were selected for data collection. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was used to model CGPA and its associated factors. The results of the MLR analysis indicate that SSC obtained marks; parents’ education, parental support, and students’ attention in class are significantly associated with students’ CGPA. From a policy perspective, the findings suggest several recommendations for teachers, parents, and university administration. Teachers and administration should emphasize improving students’ attention in the classroom. Instructors are encouraged to deliver engaging and informative lectures to maintain students’ attentiveness, while the administration should ensure that classrooms are well equipped with necessary facilities. Parents should provide moral and financial support and actively contribute to their children’s overall development. Additionally, teachers and university administration should offer extra guidance to students whose parents are illiterate, as these students might require additional academic support. Finally, parents should encourage strong academic performance in earlier educational stages to enhance students’ success at the university level. This study may be extended to other universities using larger sample sizes. Future research may also incorporate additional factors such as teaching quality, learning environment, and the role of university administration.